01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Lightly grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with cooking spray or oil.
02 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook pasta shells or penne for 2 minutes less than package directions for al dente texture. Drain well and set aside.
03 - Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add diced onion and cook for 3 minutes until translucent. Add minced garlic and cook for 1 minute until fragrant.
04 - Add ground beef to the skillet. Cook for 5-6 minutes, breaking apart with a wooden spoon, until fully browned and no pink remains.
05 - Stir in chopped cabbage. Sauté for 5-7 minutes until cabbage is wilted and tender.
06 - Add crushed tomatoes, tomato sauce, tomato paste, dried oregano, dried basil, smoked paprika, and sugar if using. Simmer for 10 minutes to allow flavors to meld. Season generously with salt and pepper to taste.
07 - In a large bowl, combine cooked pasta, beef-cabbage sauce mixture, and half of the shredded mozzarella. Mix gently until evenly distributed.
08 - Transfer the pasta mixture to the prepared baking dish. Spread evenly. Top with remaining mozzarella cheese and all grated Parmesan cheese.
09 - Cover baking dish tightly with aluminum foil. Bake for 20 minutes at 375°F.
10 - Remove foil and continue baking for an additional 10 minutes, or until cheese is bubbly and golden brown on top.
11 - Allow the cabbage roll pasta bake to rest for 5 minutes before serving to set for easier serving.